Universal Basic First Aid Tutorial
Complete the FREE online tutorial, print out the "Certificate of Completion" (this is not your First Aid certification card), then attend a Know CPR class within two weeks of completing the FREE online course.

Bring the certificate to a Know CPR class where you will receive hands-on training, and a three-year nationally-recognized First Aid certificate from the American Safety and Health Institute upon passing a standard multiple-choice test.

Contact Know CPR at 703-528-7045 or Info@KnowCPR.com

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Introduction
This Know CPR Online Tutorial is for the sole purpose of assisting individuals in their preparation for a Know CPR First Aid or CPR training course.



The information contained in this online tutorial is based on generally available information, and should not be considered as a substitute, in any part, for hands-on training by a certified instructor.
INSTRUCTIONS
You must successfully complete the quiz at the end of the tutorial plus the "Attestation" to earn your certificate of completion for the tutorial.

To navigate though the course, click on the arrow buttons on the bottom right corner of each page.

To see the entire course outline or skip through the course, click the "Site Map" button at the top of each the page. To return to the course, click the "back" button.

You may take this tutorial as often as you like for FREE.

        Introduction
        A bystander that is able to provide basic first aid to a victim while waiting for advanced medical assistance to arrive can make a real difference.



        In addition to skills practiced in the Know CPR American Safety & Health Institute hands-on training class, following are some guidelines that can help in an emergency situation.



        For all situations, after making sure the scene is safe to help, follow the universal precautions.
        Always Make Sure the Scene Is Safe
        Always assess the scene to make sure it is safe to help. If you get harmed there will be no one to help you!



        Remember the three "As": Assess, Alert, Attend

        Assess the situation: Determine if it is safe to help, what happened, and how many victims

        Alert (activate the local Emergency Medical System -EMS, or call 911)

        Attend for other injuries
        Universal Precautions
        Various diseases can be spread through exposure to an infected person's bodily fluids (such as blood).



        Rescuers should understand this risk and use a barrier (such as latex gloves, safety glasses, protective clothing) to reduce the chance of spreading the disease or becoming infected.
        Good Samaritan Laws

        Laws have been adopted by most states that protect a Good Samaritan from being sued when providing help to a victim in need



        While these laws vary by state, guidelines generally include:



        -Obtain consent from a conscious adult


        -Act within the rescuer's training


        -Have good intentions,


        -Offer assistance for free


        -Provide the best care possible.


        -Do not abandon a victim before advanced medical assistance arrives
        Recovery Position
        If a victim becomes weak and dizzy, in the absence of a suspected head or neck injury, the rescuer should lay the victim on their side before leaving to call 911.



        This sideways position, known as the recovery position, reduces the chance of choking if the victim passes out and vomits while alone.
          Heart Attack
          Heart Attack: A blockage that prevents the flow of oxygenated blood to the heart.

          Symptoms: Chest pain, tightness in the chest, radiating pain up the jaw or down the left arm, dizziness, ill feeling.



          Symptoms can vary, and can be severe or mild. If not treated immediately, a Heart Attack can result in a victim not breathing and not having circulation.



          Recognize these early symptoms and activate EMS by calling 911 immediately. Time is of the essence.
          Stroke

          Stroke: A blockage preventing the flow of oxygenated blood to the brain.

          Symptoms: headache, blurred vision, confusion, loss of strength on one side (in the arm or leg), facial droop, slurred speech, dizziness.

          Symptoms can vary, and can be severe or mild.
          If not treated immediately, a stroke can result in a victim not breathing and not having circulation.

          Recognize these early symptoms and activate EMS by calling 911 immediately. Time is of the essence.
          Risk Factors:
          You should know that the following factors increase the risk of experiencing a heart attack and/or stroke:

          -Family history

          -Age

          -Smoking cigarettes

          -High blood pressure

          -High blood cholesterol

          -Race

          -Gender
            Burns
            The severity of the burn can vary.
            First-degree burn is the most superficial. The skin is red and dry, and generally painful.

            Second degree burn is more severe. The skin may be red or bluish, and blisters map appear.

            Third degree burn is the most severe and requires advanced medical attention. All or most of the skin will be destroyed or charred, you may see the underlying organs and bones.


            Electrical Burns: Turn the power source off. Call 9-1-1.

            Chemical Burns: If skin is exposed to a dry chemical, quickly brush it off - do not apply water as that could activate a chemical reaction.

            Thermal (heat) Burns: Remove source of burn


            A first & second degree thermal burn: Apply cool running water to burned area, cover with clean dry dressing, elevate burned area


            A third degree thermal burn: Call EMS, cover with clean dry dressing, elevate area, treat for shock
                Chemical In Eyes
                    Bleeding
                    Arterial bleeding is the most severe and can cause a victim to bleed to death in less than a minute. Arterial bleeding can be recognized by the pulsating bleeding (caused by the blood having just left the heart). This is a life-threatening emergency. Activate your emergency medical system, (typically, calling 9-1-1) immediately.

                    The first step in controlling all types of bleeding is to apply direct pressure to the wound (with a bandage or sterile pad).



                    To secure the pressure, wrap a bandage or gauze bandage around the area. Tie the ends of the gauze bandage in a knot directly over the wound - this will ensure pressure is directly over the wound.



                    If the blood flows through the bandage, do not remove the bandage. Apply additional bandages around the wound, and seek medical attention.



                    Do not wrap the bandage too tight as this could cut off the flow of oxygenated blood below the bandage, causing the tissue to die.



                    Look for a bluish color or lack of feeling below the bandage. Both are signs the bandage could be tied too tight.



                        Impaled Objects & Protruding Organs
                        If an object is impaled, or sticking into a victim, do not remove it or pull it out, as that can cause more damage. Keep the victim calm and wrap the object so that it is secure (so that it does not become worse). Seek medical attention immediately.



                        If an organ is protruding - or sticking out - do not attempt to push it back into the body. Wrap it with a clean moist dressing and seek medical attention.
                            Shock
                            Shock is a life threatening condition that can cause death. As a result of a severe accident or injury, internal bleeding, or psychological trauma (i.e. Bad news), a person's circulatory system can slow or stop. As a result oxygenated blood may not reach all the vital organs. The victim could die.

                            Symptoms of shock may include:


                            -Anxiety, restlessness or irritability


                            -Altered consciousness


                            -Rapid pulse rate


                            -Rapid breathing


                            -Pale, cool moist skin


                            -Lackluster eyes, dazed look


                            -Thirst


                            -Nausea


                            -Weak helpless feeling

                            To Care for Shock, after contacting EMS:


                            -Keep the victim lying down, and comfortable


                            -Keep the person calm (have them look away from the wound and speak calmly)


                            -Control external bleeding, if necessary


                            -Cover the victim, to maintain core body temperature


                            -Do not give the victim anything to eat or drink.
                                Anaphylaxis
                                A severe allergic reaction is known as anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis is a life threatening condition. It can cause extreme swelling, endangering the airway and breathing and can cause the person to go into shock.

                                Prevention is the first step in dealing with severe allergies.



                                If we suspect anaphylaxis, we need to call 911 immediately. We may also need to assist with the administration of allergy medications if we have been authorized to do so.
                                    Poison Ivy & Poison Oak
                                    Recognize these plants and do not touch or burn them.

                                    The oil on their leaves can cause an allergic reaction.
                                        Swallowed Poisons
                                            Muscle Injuries
                                                  Broken Bones
                                                        Bee Stings
                                                        When removing a bee stinger, do not squeeze the top of the stinger. The bee stinger has a sac of venom attached to it. Pinching the stinger out will inject the person with more venom. Instead, you need to get underneath the venom sac.


                                                        Scrape the stinger out using a stiff object such as a credit card, nail file, driver' s license, etc. Next, wash the area and apply an ice pack.

                                                        This will help reduce swelling.

                                                        Keep in mind that many people are allergic to bee stings, so you may also want to monitor the person for allergic reaction
                                                            Snake & Spider Bites
                                                            Snakes and spiders generally do not bite unless threatened. If someone is bitten, do not try to suck the venom out. By doing this, you risk poisoning yourself. Instead, keep the affected area below the heart.



                                                            Try to identify the snake or spider if you can, so that the correct anti-toxin can be administered. Call 911 or poison control.
                                                                Diabetic Emergency
                                                                Diabetes is a condition where a person cannot automatically regulate his or her own blood sugar. Diabetics must control their sugar levels carefully through diet, exercise, and sometimes medication.

                                                                Symptoms of a diabetic emergency can inlcude lightheaded, dizziness, anxiety, tired, ill feeling, cold sweats.


                                                                If you are not sure if the sugar level is too high or too low.....

                                                                Give a conscious victim something with sugar.

                                                                If the person is unconsious, call 9-1-1 immediately
                                                                    Hypothermia & Frost Bite
                                                                        Heat Exhaustion
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                                                                            Heat Stroke
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                                                                                Seizure
                                                                                A seizure results from a electrical misfire in the brain. The seizure can result in convulsions.
                                                                                If the person goes into convulsions, our focus is on damage control.


                                                                                -Do not try to restrain the person or put anything in the person' s mouth.


                                                                                -Clear the area to prevent the person from bumping into anything.


                                                                                -Place something soft underneath the person' s head so that the person does not smash their head into the ground.


                                                                                -911 should be called unless you have specific instructions from that person regarding their medical condition.


                                                                                -After the seizure stops, roll the person onto their side into the recovery position.

                                                                                In infants, high temperature are another cause of concern. Try to lower the baby' s body temperature by applying cool, moist towels and call 911.
                                                                                    QUIZ
                                                                                    Great Job! You are now ready to demonstrate what you've learned! You can take this quiz and review this tutorial as often as you like for free.
                                                                                          Basic First Aid Quiz
                                                                                          Select the appropriate answer for each question or enter the answer in the blank provided. When you are done, click the button to submit your answers and find out your score.

                                                                                          You must answer all questions correctly to continue
                                                                                          1. We assess the scene to:
                                                                                          1. A. determine whether it is safe to help 2. B. determine what happened 3. C. determine how many victims 4. D. all of the above
                                                                                          2. Good Samaritan laws:
                                                                                          1. A. vary from state-to-state 2. B. limit our liability when we render care 3. C. require consent from a conscious adult 4. D. require that we act within our training 5. E. all of the above
                                                                                          3. You should only call the EMS if you want them to send paramedics
                                                                                          True False
                                                                                          4. Universal Precautions are intended to reduce the risk of:
                                                                                          1. A. infection from other people's blood or body fluids 2. B. irritating the victim's skin 3. C. allergic reactions
                                                                                          5. If you are in a group of people, you should tell a specific person to call 9-1-1
                                                                                          True False
                                                                                          6. Universal Precautions include:
                                                                                          1. A. latex gloves 2. B. protective clothing & breathing shields 3. C. safety glasses 4. D. all of the above
                                                                                          7. Arterial bleeding is the most serious type of bleeding
                                                                                          True False
                                                                                          8. If a dressing becomes soaked with blood, you should
                                                                                          1. A. Remove and replace it 2. B. Remove old dressing and wash wound 3. C. Place additional layers of dressing over blood soaked dressing 4. D. Place wound area lower than heart level
                                                                                          9. Shock may result from internal bleeding
                                                                                          True False
                                                                                          10. Should you remove an impaled object from a victim?
                                                                                          1. A. Yes, it may ease a victim's pain 2. B. No, victim may suffer severe bleeding as a result
                                                                                          11. Why is it recommended to cover a victim of shock?
                                                                                          1. A. Protect the victim's dignity 2. B. Maintain core body temperature 3. C. To control bleeding
                                                                                          12. Which sign(s) may indicate shock?
                                                                                          1. A. Anxiety 2. B. Eyes-lackluster 3. C. Confusion 4. D. All of the above
                                                                                          13. If someone is injured, we should try to keep them calm
                                                                                          1. A. True, we do not want the person to go into shock 2. B. False, panic is normal for an injured person
                                                                                          14. The knot of a pressure bandage should be tied directly over the wound
                                                                                          True False
                                                                                          15. What is the order of care for a sprain?
                                                                                          1. A. Ice/elevate/compress 2. B. Elevate/ice/compress 3. C. Ice/compress/elevate 4. D. Compress/ice/elevate
                                                                                          16. For chemicals in the eye, you should:
                                                                                          1. A. Flush eye for at least 15 minutes with cool running water 2. B. Rush to hospital 3. C. Have victim blink rapidly for 5 minutes
                                                                                          17. It is okay to move a victim of an electrical burn
                                                                                          1. A. True 2. B. False, victims of electrical burns may have spinal injuries and should only be moved if their life is in danger.
                                                                                          18. We treat all thermal burns by running them under cool running water
                                                                                          1. A. True. 2. B. False, we do not use cool running water on 3rd degree burns.
                                                                                          19. Anaphylactic shock can be caused by:
                                                                                          1. A. Insect stings/bites 2. B. Food or inhaled substances 3. C. Substances absorbed through the skin 4. D. All of the above
                                                                                          Attestation
                                                                                          Great Job. Just one more section before you print out your certificate of completion for this tutorial and call Know CPR at 703-528-70454 to setup your hands-on skills test.
                                                                                                ATTESTATION
                                                                                                Select the appropriate answer for each question or enter the answer in the blank provided. When you are done, click the button to submit your answers and find out your score.

                                                                                                You attest that the person whose name is on the certificate has taken this tutorial
                                                                                                True False
                                                                                                IT'S TIME TO CALL KNOW CPR
                                                                                                Please print the following page and bring it to aKnow CPR class Without completing the hands on portion of the First Aid class you will not receive your certification.

                                                                                                Contact Know CPR at 703-528-7045 for information on forming a class.